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●Babies' Warning Signs
●Signs that your newborn is sick
●8 Signs Your Infant Is Ill
●When to call your baby's doctor
●Sick baby? When to seek medical attention
●Warning Signs: When Do I Take My Child To The Doctor?
●What to Do When Your Premature Baby is Sick
●Recognize Symptoms of a Sick Baby or Toddler
●When Your Newborn Gets Sick
●Alternative remedy tips for parents with sick kids
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Babies' Warning Signs
It's been said that babies do not come with instructions, but most parents certainly wish they did, especially when a young child is sick. As they grow, babies are exposed to infectious agents that may cause colds and other illnesses. These are a normal part of a baby's development and, thankfully, most outgrow the frequent-illness
stage. Because babies cannot verbalize their feelings, however, adults
must always stay alert for warning signs of illness.
1. Crying
Babies cry for many reasons, including hunger or thirst, but if they are inconsolable or their cries are sudden or sound particularly
unusual, it may be a sign of illness. Colic in infants up to 3 months
old also causes periods of intense crying and general irritability, usually around the same time every day.
2. Fever
Respiratory illnesses such as colds, croup or pneumonia, ear infections, stomach bugs, urine infections, and many other bacterial and viral illnesses may all cause fever. To check for fever, take a baby's temperature rectally with a digital or glass rectal thermometer. It is the easiest and most accurate way. (In an attempt to remove mercury from the environment, mercury thermometers should no longer be used. ) A rectal reading of 100 degrees F or less is considered normal. If a child is 3 months or younger with a rectal temperature of 100.4 degrees F or higher, call the child's health care provider immediately.
Call the provider if a child between 3 months and 6 months has a fever
of 101 degrees F or higher. For young children over a year old, call the
provider if a fever persists for more than 24 to 48 hours (or if fever
is accompanied by any other worrisome symptoms).
Fever in children between 6 months and 5 years can trigger febrile seizures (convulsions),
which may last for a few minutes or may be over in seconds. They are
usually harmless, but inform the child's health care provider. Call for
emergency help if seizures are severe, cause difficulty breathing, or last over a few minutes. If your child has had an uncomplicated
seizure, he or she should be seen by a physician during regular office
hours or in an emergency room, if you are unable to get an appointment.
3. Abnormal Sleep
Newborns spend most of their time sleeping, but if a baby is rarely
alert or does not wake up as expected for feedings, consult the child's
health care provider.
4. Poor Appetite
If a baby refuses to eat and misses several feedings, it may be a sign of illness.
5. Umbilical Cord Infection
If there is pus or red skin around the stump of a newborn's umbilical cord or an unpleasant smell, it may be infected. Discuss it with your doctor.
6. Diarrhea and/or Vomiting
These could signal a viral or bacterial infection of the intestine an obstruction
or other problem. In some cases, the child's health care provider may
exam the baby's stool for bacteria, which requires treatment. Viral causes require no treatment and will resolve on their own in a week or so. Persistent diarrhea may lead to dehydration.
7. Irregular Stools
If a breast-fed or bottle-fed baby has very hard or very dry
stools, it may be a sign that the child needs more fluids, or may be
losing too much fluid because of fever, illness or heat. After babies
start eating solid foods, hard stools may be caused by too many
constipating foods, such as cereal or cow's milk, before their system can handle them.
8. Urination
Babies should wet at least four diapers a day. If a baby shows any signs of distress while urinating, it could be a sign of infection or some other problem in the urinary tract. A salmon-colored or pinkish stain on a diaper is typically a sign of highly concentrated
urine and usually no cause for concern, but if staining persists, talk
to a health care provider. If there is blood in the urine or a bloody
spot on a diaper, call a health care provider at once. If bleeding is
accompanied by abdominal pain or fever, seek medical attention immediately.
9. Intussusception
This rare intestinal blockage is a medical emergency that must be treated immediately. If a baby has a sudden onset of severe pain similar to severe colic with hard distressed crying, this could be a sign of intussusception. Early on, the infant may seem fine between bouts of pain, but soon becomes fatigued and lethargic. The baby may vomit and may pass bloody stool (sometimes described as "currant jelly" stool). Fever (often not present initially) may appear. Shock may follow.
★ What to Do
To keep your baby as healthy as possible, breast-feed your child if possible, which will provide him or her with antibodies and enzymes that help protect against illness or use a commercial
infant formula such as Similac or Enfamil. Don't allow smoking around a
baby. Adhere to a baby's vaccine schedule and regular checkups. In
general, call your child's health care provider if the baby seems
especially sluggish, is refusing food or drink, is vomiting (not just spitting-up)
or has diarrhea, or has a fever. Remember, if you’re worried there
probably is a good reason even if you don’t recognize it. This is a time
to talk to the baby’s doctor or other available healthcare worker.
★ Self-care Steps for Baby/Warning Signs
● If the baby seems distressed, hold the infant and console him or her as much as possible.
● Keep your infant away from children who are sick, especially those with infectious diseases such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), stomach “flu,” influenza and other respiratory infections, cold sores (HSV1) and other obvious infectious diseases.
● Prevent family members who are sick from sharing food or drink with the baby, and from handling the baby and his or her toys.
★ Decision Guide for Baby's Warning Signs
Symptoms/Signs Action
Fever 100.4 degrees F in infants under 3 months See provider
Fever of 101 degrees F in infants age 3 to 6 months See provider
Fever of 103 degrees F in a baby 6 months or older See provider
Fever that lasts longer than 24 to 48 hours See provider
Refuses to eat See provider
Unusually cranky, irritable, inconsolable See provider
Unusually sleepy See provider
Nose blockage hinders breathing while feeding See provider
Nasal fluid that is discolored, smelly or bloody See provider
Unresponsive to sounds See provider
Fluid discharge from the ear See provider
Red, swollen and watery eyes See provider
Whites of the eyes turn yellow See provider
Serve or persistent cough See provider
Swollen abdomen See provider
Diarrhea in newborns See provider
Diarrhea streaked with blood or mucus See provider
Painful urination See provider
Discolored, bloody, cloudy or unusual smelling urine See provider
Penis discharge See provider
Vaginal discharge See provider
Joint redness or swelling See provider
Sudden rash, blotches or blisters See provider
Vomiting for 12 hours or more See provider
Sudden weakness or paralysis, "floppy" See provider
Chills that make baby shake Seek help now
Neck stiffness Seek help now
Vomiting solid blood Seek help now
Seizures Seek help now
Loss of consciousness Seek help now
Difficulty breathing Call 911
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Signs that your newborn is sick
Newborns don’t come with an operator’s manual and if you’re a first-time parent it can be difficult to work out if your baby is sick – especially since most newborns seem to cry most of the time!
It’s likely your family, friends with babies, midwife and health visitor
will try to reassure you by telling you that you’ll ‘just know’ if
something isn’t right but often this is no help. After all, everything about your baby and being a mum is unfamiliar
to you in those first days and weeks, so it might be hard to feel
confident in your ability to recognize the often minor changes that can
tell if your newborn is ill.
As you become more experienced you will develop a keen instinct for the ties when your baby is unwell, but until then here are gurgle’s guidelines for monitoring your newborn’s health and wellness…
★ Is she behaving differently?
All young babies cry but if your baby is sick she may do so more or less
than usual (if she’s crying less than usual she may also seem listless
and might not be interested in feeding).
Her cry also may sound different: it may be more frenzied and high-pitched,
or take on a whining note. You’ll probably also have noticed that your
baby tends to cry more at certain times of the day – the notorious
‘arsenic hour’ for example, from 6pm onwards, which is linked to colic.
If this is the case with your baby then hearing her cry continuously
at a different time of the day could signal that she isn’t feeling
well. She may also seem more fussy and fretful even when she isn’t
crying.
★ Is she refusing feeds?
Is your baby feeding less frequently and/or not taking in as much milk when she feeds? Has she vomited and if so was it projectile (forceful) vomiting?
★ Have her toilet habits changed?
You can tell so much from a nappy! Is your baby showing signs of constipation (the poo will be hard and pellet-like if she’s bottlefed, or more solid than usual in a breastfed baby). Does she have diarrhoea, with frequent explosive watery pooping? Is she urinating less frequently
than usual? Giveaway signs are her nappies feeling much lighter when
you change her, and any urine she has passed may be much darker than
usual or smell stronger.
★ Is she breathing normally?
Does the baby seem to be having trouble breathing, either panting and seeming breathless,
or making a wheezing sound as she breathes? Does she have a cough? If
so is it a barking cough, which could indicate croup? Is she congested
(a red flag for this is difficulty breastfeeding since a blocked-up nose means she’ll have to keep latching off so she can breathe). Does she have a runny nose?
★ How does she look?
Is her skin pale or more flushed than usual? Does she have a rash
anywhere and if so, what does it look like? A purplish blotchy or
pinprick rash that doesn’t fade when pressed with a glass is a symptom
of meningitis – this is a medical emergency so if your baby develops this type of rash take her to your local A&E department immediately. Do your baby’s eyes look dull or staring, or does she have any discharge from them?
★ Does she have a fever?
Check your baby’s temperature – if it’s over 37.7°C in the morning
or over 38.2°C in the evening then she is running a fever. Call your
doctor for advice on giving fever-relieving medication such as infant paracetamol or ibuprofen, as these are not usually recommended for newborns.
Tips to help you keep your newborn healthy:
● Wash your hands before you handle her, even if it’s a nappy change.
● Ensure that sick family members and friends keep away from your baby
so that she isn’t exposed to their germs. This is particularly important with colds and flu as these are easily spread.
● Keep your baby’s toys clean by regularly washing them with soap and hot water.
● Take a toy to the doctor’s office so your baby doesn’t handle any toys that other sick children may have played with.
● If you bottlefeed, ensure that all your baby’s feeding equipment is properly sterilised.
● If you breastfeed and express breast milk, sterilise your breast pump between uses.
● If your baby uses a dummy, stock up on them so she can have a clean, sterilised
one if the one she’s using falls on the floor. Never give your baby
back a dummy that has fallen on the ground and never put it in your own
mouth to ‘clean’ it if she does drop it.
● Keep your baby’s immunizations up-to-date.
The information in this feature is intended for educational
purposes only. If you have any concerns about your health, the health of
your child or the health of someone you know, please consult with a
doctor or other healthcare professional.
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8 Signs Your Infant Is Ill
* Posted on Mar 14, 2010 8:25 AM by Margaret Lewin, MD, FACP
As new parents, you’ve spent nine months emotionally as well as logistically preparing to welcome that magical newborn into your household. Nevertheless,
you may not be prepared to evaluate your infant when he’s ill and to
know when you can handle the illness yourself and when to get help. Here
are eight signs of illness for infants under the age of six months, and
general guidelines for when you should call the doctor.
★ Sick Baby
1. Fever
Fever itself is not an illness, but rather the baby’s response to an illness – most commonly an infection. Call the doctor if your infant is less than three months old and has a rectal temperature above 100.3 F, or if your baby is between three and six months and has a temperature above 101 F. Even if the temperature is lower than these general guidelines, call the doctor if your infant appears ill with such signs as a rash, irritability, poor feeding, trouble breathing, a stiff neck, persistent vomiting or diarrhea, signs of dehydration or is lethargic or difficult to arouse.
2. Dehydration
Dehydration can happen if the baby is feeding poorly, has a fever, is in too warm an environment, or has persistent vomiting or diarrhea. You can recognize dehydration if your baby has a dry mouth and gums, wets the diaper less frequently,
sheds no tears when crying or the fontanel (the soft spot on the top of
the head) appears to sink slightly. If you think your baby is
dehydrated, call the doctor.
3. Diarrhea
Diarrhea is common in infants, but call the doctor if there is blood in
the stool (which can appear bright red or, more serious, black), the
baby has more than six watery stools a day, is not taking fluids or
shows signs of dehydration.
4. Vomiting
Infants commonly “spit up” but frequent vomiting is reason for concern.
Vomiting may not be serious if it happens only once or twice. However,
if it happens more frequently, contains blood or is green in color, or if the baby looks dehydrated, call your doctor.
5. Difficulty breathing
If your baby is having trouble breathing, you need to call the doctor and 911 immediately.
Signs of difficulty breathing include:
* your baby is breathing much more rapidly than usual.
* the tissue between the ribs, above the collar bones, or in the upper abdomen is sucked in when your infant inhales.
* your baby grunts while exhaling.
* your infant’s head is bobbing.
* your baby’s lips or skin develop a bluish tinge.
6. Redness, oozing or bleeding
If your baby’s navel (or umbilical remnant) or penis turns red, is oozing or bleeding, call the doctor immediately. These are signs of an infection.
7. Rashes
Rashes are common in babies, but call the doctor if the rash covers a large area, especially the face, or is accompanied by a fever, oozing, bleeding or swelling, or if the rash looks infected.
8. Colds
Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are caused by a virus and are very common in infants. They usually last one or two weeks with an associated
runny nose, fever and poor appetite for a few days, and a cough which
can last as long as two to three weeks. More serious symptoms require
doctor’s care.
★ Call your doctor if:
* your baby’s temperature is higher than 100.3 F for infants under three months or higher than 101 F for infants between three and six months.
* your baby has a rash or difficulty breathing as described above.
* your infant is unusually fussy and cries a lot.
* your baby’s cough is severe and almost nonstop or brings up any blood.
* your infant is vomiting.
* your baby’s symptoms last more than two weeks.
Finally, under all circumstances, if you’re very worried that your baby looks really ill, trust your instincts and call the doctor!
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When to call your baby's doctor
Unfortunately, babies don't come with instruction manuals, and they can't tell you when something is wrong. It can be hard for parents to understand their newborn and tell the difference between a baby's regular fussiness and a more serious problem. Knowing when to call a health provider can be a challenging and nerve-racking experience for parents.
When in doubt, trust your instincts! If you think your baby needs medical attention, call his health provider. Some problems need immediate attention. Others can wait until regular office hours. Here are some signs to help you know when to call.
★ Urgent
Call the health provider immediately if your baby:
* Has blood in her vomit or stool.
* Has trouble breathing, very fast breathing (more than 60 breaths in a minute), or blue lips or finger nails.
* Has a seizure. (When a person has a seizure, any part, or all, of the body moves repetitively. Sometimes the person stops breathing.)
* Has eaten or drunk nonfoods that can cause harm such as vomiting, diarrhea, trouble breathing, etc. Examples of nonfoods are detergents, soaps, bleach and rodent control products.
* Is hard to waken or unusually tired.
* Has a rectal temperature above 100.4 degrees F. or below 97.8 degrees F.
* Has yellowish skin or eyes.
* Is injured and won't stop bleeding.
* Has hurt his head or another part of the body
★ Less urgent
Call the health provider's office if your baby:
* Is eating less or shows other changes in appetite.
* Is regularly crying, irritable or unable to be comforted.
* Has frequent diarrhea. This can be harder to notice in breastfed
babies as they usually have soft stools. Contact the health provider's office if your baby's stools are especially soft or watery for 6-8 diaper changes.
* Vomits (more than just spit up) more than 2-3 times a day.
* Has a cold that doesn't improve or gets worse after a few days.
* Has a rash.
* Is constipated and doesn't have any stools.
* Has fewer than six wet diapers in 24 hours. This can be a sign of dehydration. Other signs include sunken eyes, sunken soft spot (fontanel) on the baby's head, or lack of tears when crying.
* Has fluid draining from her ears.
* Has a tender navel or penis. Look for any redness, bleeding or pus in these areas.
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Sick baby? When to seek medical attention
When a healthy baby gets sick, there's no reason to panic. Understand when to call the doctor and when to seek emergency care for your baby.
By Mayo Clinic staff
Every parent wants a healthy baby, but occasional infections and fevers are inevitable. Even parents who have plenty of experience with sick babies can have a tough time distinguishing
normal fussiness and mild illnesses from more serious problems. Here's
when to call the doctor — and when to seek emergency care — for a sick
baby.
★ When to contact your baby's doctor
An occasional illness is usually nothing to worry about in an
otherwise healthy baby — but sometimes it's best to contact the doctor.
Look for these signs and symptoms:
* Changes in appetite. If your baby refuses several feedings in a row or eats poorly, contact the doctor.
* Changes in mood. If your baby is lethargic or unusually difficult
to rouse, tell the doctor right away. Also let the doctor know if your
baby is persistently irritable or has inconsolable crying jags.
* Tender navel or penis. Contact the doctor if your baby's umbilical
area or penis suddenly becomes red or starts to ooze or bleed.
* Fever. Mild fevers are common and usually harmless, but keep an eye on the thermometer.
If your baby is younger than age 3 months, contact the doctor for any
fever. If your baby is age 3 months or older and has an oral temperature lower than 102 F (38.9 C), encourage rest and offer plenty of fluids. Call the doctor if your baby seems unusually irritable, lethargic or uncomfortable. If your baby has an oral temperature of 102 F (38.9 C) or higher, give your baby acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). Call the doctor if the fever doesn't respond to the medication or lasts longer than one day.
* Diarrhea. Contact the doctor if your baby's stools are especially loose or watery.
* Vomiting. Occasional spitting up is normal. Contact the doctor if your baby spits up large portions of multiple feedings or vomits forcefully after feedings.
* Dehydration. Contact the doctor if your baby doesn't wet a
diaper for six hours or longer or if the soft spot on top of your baby's
head seems to sink. Crying without tears or a dry mouth without saliva
also warrants a prompt call to the doctor.
* Constipation. If your baby has fewer bowel movements than usual for a few days, contact the doctor.
* Colds. Contact the doctor if your baby has a cold that interferes with his or her breathing, produces thick nasal discharge that's yellow, green or gray, or is accompanied by severe coughing.
* Ear trouble. Contact the doctor if your baby doesn't respond
normally to sounds or has fluid draining from his or her ears.
* Rash. Contact the doctor if a rash covers a large area, appears infected or if your baby suddenly develops an unexplained rash — especially if the rash is accompanied by a fever.
* Eye discharge. If one or both eyes are pink, red or leaking mucus, contact the doctor.
Trust your instincts. If you think you should call the doctor, go
ahead. After hours, you may be able to call a 24-hour nurse line offered
through the doctor's office, clinic or your health insurance company.
★ When to seek emergency care
Seek emergency care for:
* Bleeding that can't be stopped
* Poisoning
* Seizures
* Trouble breathing
* Head injuries
* A sudden lack of energy or inability to move
* Unresponsiveness
* Large cuts or burns
* Blood in the urine, bloody diarrhea or persistent diarrhea
* Increasing or severe persistent